Riding to the top observation deck of 1 World Trade Center opening next month, visitors will be treated to a dizzying view of the city below, but not the one they might expect – instead of looking out windows, they will see their surroundings on lifelike screens, enveloping them in a time-lapse view of New York City’s historic evolution. All of this is packed into a trip that lasts less than sixty seconds (video below).

Inevitably included in this fast-paced vertical ride through history is a view of one of the former Twin Towers, which appears then vanishes off to the right, reflecting its (brief in this speedy history) real-world existence and subsequent absence. This inclusion was contentious and thoroughly debated among all involved parties, but the creators hope it will be seen by the public as a tribute to the fallen towers or at least under as a necessity for accuracy.

A circular display on one panel scrolls up through the years rather than heights, highlighting the fast passage of time, while a settlement and city emerge from the once-open island on all sides. The show was designed and produced by the Hettema Group and Blur Studio in conjunction with architects of Montroy Andersen DeMarco.

The New York Times sets the scene: “Nine 75-inch, high-definition monitors are arrayed in each cab behind windowlike mullions to convey the impression that one is in a glass-walled elevator. At first, one feels enclosed in bedrock. The year is 1500 and the elevator is 55 feet below ground. As it rises, time advances. The cab seems to head skyward from an offshore marsh, a reminder that the trade center site was originally underwater.”

The experience is as historically complete as it is educational and immersive: “A peaceful riverfront settlement is then seen, just before the Europeans arrive. Soon enough, the still verdant island is dotted with the steep, crow-stepped gables of New Amsterdam, as windmill vanes poke up over the treetops.”

“Height records are made and broken by a succession of tallest towers: the Park Row Building, the Singer Building, the Woolworth Building and the original trade center. Then, the steel framework of the new 1 World Trade Center seems to assemble itself around the cab before visitors once again find themselves within an enclosed space — this time, an elevator shaft.”

Effectively using the same magnetic levitation technologies employed in high-speed trains, the MULTI elevator system conveys people horizontally as well as vertically without ropes and at record speeds, all while allowing multiple cars to traverse the same shafts.

Allowing fast vertical interior transit, the elevator has already revolutionized the shape of cities once – this breakthrough may enable a new version to do it again, not only cutting down on wait and travel times but also by enabling versatile sideways travel through structures. As illustrated above, a single car can go both up or down and then left or right, moving in a three-dimensional fashion within (and eventually perhaps even beyond) a given building. Imagine for a moment the trans-building possibilities: hop in a car, speed down a building and hook into an urban network running above, along or below the streets as well.

The creator of the MULTI, ThyssenKrupp AG, expects to have a fully-functional prototype by the end of 2016 (full-scale usage by 2018) with cars capable of moving at speeds of up to 16 feet per second when unoccupied. Combined, the various advantages of this system will increase elevator capacity in a given building by as much as 50% and help reduce the amount of space required  – currently, as much as 40% of a building’s footprint is occupied with traditional elevator deployments.

Whether through looping systems (like the one proposed above by Hitachi) or maglev technologies or, most likely, a combination of the two, the “days of one cabin, in one shaft on one rope traveling up and down” which “hasn’t changed for 160 years” are soon to be over. Imagine the possibilities for architects and engineers no longer constrained to simply building up but now free to build out in fresh new ways as well. Of course, Star Trek turbolifts aside, there are always some potential dark sides to new technology, as science fiction films like The Cube and Cabin in the Woods have explored, but presumably the ups outweigh the downs, so to speak.

A fantastic feat of architectural trickery, this anti-gravity ante-room installation appears to hover in thin air and open up into nothingness. It sports a single point of contact with the ground below – a ladder propped against it, ostensibly placed to access the amazing space.

The piece was designed by Leandro Erlich (some images by Martin Argyroglo) of Argentina for an annual art festival in France, but the artist is known elsewhere as well for his vertigo-inducing work.

The ladder is the secret behind supporting this tenuous chunk of building, being much stronger than it first appears. A set of furniture stacked on it appears to be waiting to be taken to the top.

The Shaft was set in the Sean Kelly Gallery of New York and took visitors through a sideways version of an elevator void. Stuck Elevator at the same gallery gives one a peek at one of those jarring experiences one hopes to avoid for live.

Using mirrors, Erlich has also turned entire buildings on their side and made them into interactive urban playgrounds, as covered here previously and seen above.

Twin towers raising up the existing skyline and joined at the top – these were supposed to be a sign of recovery in a city and country ravaged by the global financial collapse. Instead, the Intempo building in Spain has become a stark standing symbol of incompetence. Consider, for instance, the following farcical architectural accident: it was not built to house an elevator actually able to climb the structure, which is already over 500 feet tall.

As Jamie Condliffe summarizes on Gizmodo (images via IntempoBenidorm), the rising scope of the building was in part “a function of the greed surrounding the project. Initially designed to be a mere 20 stories tall, the developers got over-excited and pushed the height way up: now it boasts 47 stories, and will include 269 homes. But … original design obviously included specifications for an elevator big enough for a 20-story building.”

As a result, the shaft space and room for lifts, motors, cable and other equipment was significantly under-designed, leaving nearly thirty stories (maybe more, depending on the final height) of condominiums that would be walking-access only if the structure were finished as currently planned.

Thanks to bad banks going under, corruption surrounding the construction itself and costs of materials, the entire process has been plagued with problems and setbacks almost since it began. At different points, the builder went without pay, workers walked off the job thanks to poor safety conditions and interruptions have delayed completion time and time again. On the financial side, from Economia: “The project is burdened by allegations of fraud, liens and claims from customers and suppliers.” The absence of spatial accommodation for a working elevator is in some ways simply the symbolic cherry on top – except to get to that cherry, you would need to walk up dozens of flights of stairs.

Escalators… these effortless inclined elevators have moved millions over the past century yet are usually dismissed as utilitarian urban appliances. Not so – escalators today exhibit a multitude of designs and many display unexpected design features. These 10 extreme escalators are a step ahead in pedestrian transportation and as triumphs of civil engineering ensure nothing is “lift” behind.

The Oldest Escalators

(images via: Going Underground and The Elevator Museum)

Though the U.S. Patent Office first awarded a patent for plans describing a device that purported to be an early escalator in 1859, the first working model wasn’t built until almost a half-century later. Several inventors introduced escalators as the turn of the 19th century approached, the most notable being Jesse Reno whose “inclined elevator” was set up as a ride at New York’s Coney Island amusement park in 1896. It looked like a ride: more like a hobby-horse than an escalator. Clearly some refinement was in the works, and Reno’s patents were eventually bought up by the Otis Elevator Company.

(images via: To The End Of The Line)

Early escalators had stairs made of wood – which happens to burn, unfortunately. One of the most notorious escalator accidents in history occurred on November 18th, 1987, when a fire fanned by drafts in London’s Underground subway network killed 31 people. The fire at King’s Cross St. Pancras station started beneath a wooden escalator built shortly after the Second World War. Following the tragedy, most of London’s wooden escalators were removed and replaced; some of the last remaining ones can be seen (and ridden) at Greenford Station.

The Longest Escalator

(images via: Natalya Grigorieva)

Russia’s Moscow metro is very much a work in progress with initial construction beginning in 1931 and the first line opening to the public in May of 1935. Park Pobedy station on the Arbatsko-Pokrovskaya Line opened in 2003 and features escalators 126.8 m (413 ft) long, containing 740 steps. From start to finish, a ride on the Park Pobedy escalators can take almost 3 minutes. Why such a long escalator? A little something called the Cold War – subways stations built in the post-WW2 era were often sited very deep so that they could double as fallout shelters if needed.

(image via: Dr. Dennis Yenn)

If travel plans to Moscow aren’t on your agenda, you can still ride the Park Pobedy escalator, if only virtually. Here’s a video that shows what such a ride might be like:

The Shortest Escalator

(images via: Scienceray and 2dayBlog.com)

Ultra-long escalators are long for one reason or another; ultra-short ones… well, their reasons for existing are not so easily discerned. Take the escalator at the Okadaya Mores shopping mall in Kawasaki, Japan, for example… but don’t blink or you’ll miss it. This ridiculously short – only 5 steps – escalator features a vertical rise of just 32.8 inches (83 cm). My guess is, the contractor had some leftover construction materials and thought it better to use them instead of dumping them.

(image via: Treehugger)

In the mood for a short trip? Hop on the Okadaya Mores shopping mall escalator through the wonders of YouTube… no bannister-sliding allowed:

The Highest Escalators

(images via: My Interesting Files)

You normally wouldn’t associate escalators with skyscrapers; that’s where their cousins, elevators, come in. Then there’s the Umeda Sky Building in Osaka, Japan, the city’s seventh-tallest building. The 568 ft (173 m) high building was completed in 1993 and consists of two 40-story towers with a series of escalators providing access to and from the top 2 stories. A circular atrium piercing the roof and upper levels of the building is bisected by a pair of escalators.

(images via: My Interesting Files)

This video puts you on one of the Umeda Sky Building’s escalators, thus sparing you from feelings of extreme agoraphobia an actual ride might bring on:

The Narrowest Escalators

(images via: EAHIV, Livlab and CrispyTeriyaki)

One can’t designate any one escalator as “the narrowest”, as escalators roughly 16 inches (40 cm) wide were a standard size back in the day. Often installed by department stores and at transit (usually train) stations, these narrow escalators made side-by-side riding impossible and, given America’s skyrocketing obesity rate, would prove to be a challenge for a growing number of horizontally-challenged riders.

(images via: The SubwayNut)

Here’s a video of an old narrow escalator in operation somewhere in “The City With Big Shoulders”, Chicago:

Curved Escalators

(images via: Vancouver Sun, 3Gpdb and Hale_Popoki)

Curved escalators are a recent development in architectural infrastructure that has perhaps been overly hyped. While visually and aesthetically pleasing, the engineering behind curved escalators is rather run of the mill. That doesn’t stop the hotels, malls and other buildings that have installed curved escalators from celebrating them as something akin to a Star Trek transporter. Take the twin curved escalators at Canada’s River Rock Casino Resort… they were inaugurated with a flashy ceremony that included a chef knocking the top off a champagne bottle with a saber.

(images via: Jonknee)

Don’t believe it? Check it out in the following video:

Spiral Escalators

(images via: The Fresh Page and BigMallrat)

Spiral escalators are basically an extension of curved escalator engineering – just continue the curve long enough so that the escalator spirals in upon itself. Not to downplay the visual impact of spiral escalators to those riding them – it can be a remarkable experience. Spiral escalators have been installed at Wheelock Place in Singapore, Saudi Arabia’s Jeddah Hilton (sounds like Paris’ other sister), the Landmark Tower in Japan, the Times Square shopping mall in Hong Kong, Lotte World in South Korea, The Venetian Hotel and Casino in Macau, Wynn Las Vegas and The Forum Shops at Caesars in Las Vegas, Nevada (below), and the San Francisco Centre in San Francisco, California.

(images via: Life In The Fast Lane)

The latter was the first installation of a spiral escalator in the Western Hemisphere. Go for a visual ride in the following video – it’s very short but just long enough to get the point across:

Staggered Escalators

(image via: Utopian Vision)

Now here’s an escalator most have never heard of, let alone experienced: the staggered escalator. This type of escalator alternates diagonal sections with short flat intervals, possibly to ease any feelings of vertigo that may be felt by riders. Other explanations center on whether the escalator was built over an existing staircase which rose at an angle incompatible with the escalator’s proper function. Though most staggered escalators are long and feature short flat sections, the escalator at Tokyo’s Fuji TV Building alternates flat and diagonal sections so that riders appear to be riding a stegosaurus’ back.

Here’s a short video of riders on the Fuji TV Building’s “bucking bronco” escalator. Notice that nobody’s using the stairs:

Outdoor Escalators

(images via: PT21Chong’s Blog and My Notebook On The Web)

Outdoor escalators present engineers with unique challenges, including what to do in the event of inclement weather. Covering the tracks is one option though the cost is prohibitive in many cases. Not in Hong Kong, however, where the world’s longest covered outdoor escalator system snakes its way up and down, uptown and downtown. The Central Mid Levels Escalator and walkway system spans a total combined length of 2,626.66 feet or approximately 800 meters). Interestingly, the escalator only runs in one direction at a time depending on the predominant traffic flow during the morning and evening rush hour.

(image via: Life In The Fast Lane)

A look at the steep city streets in urban Hong Kong show why city planners decided such a large escalator and walkway system should be built:

Bicycle Escalators

(images via: Lonelee Planet and Jonathan Charles)

When is an escalator NOT an escalator? When it’s a bike-a-lator, in essence an escalator for bicycles. Developed with the needs of city housewives in mind, the bicycle escalators found on some of Japan’s large cities feature narrow slots wide enough to rest the user’s bicycle wheels. The dismounted rider then walks up the steps, holding the bike’s hand brake, while the escalator smoothly moves the bike along a track set beside the stairs.

(images via: Picasa – Frederick and BIGmog)

Sound a bit too weird to wrap your mind around? Watch this video and all will be revealed:

Escalator Safety: It’s A Croc!

(images via: Singapore Seen, Let’s Japan and Droolicious)

It’s been mentioned that escalators are considered utilitarian… unfortunately to some that means they can be taken lightly with no regard to safety. Not so! Accidents – some fatal – occur with disturbing frequency on escalators. Those trendy Crocs sandals were implicated in a rash of escalator accidents, most involving children, in both the USA and Japan several years ago.

The following escalator safety video from China is a bit weird but gets the message across:

(image via: FitnessFriends)

Escalators are our friends… use them wisely and they can make life less tiring and more convenient. Use them unwisely and, well, don’t be surprised if the situation escalates.